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91.
Two genetic clusters in swine hemoplasmas revealed by analyses of the 16S rRNA and RNase P RNA genes
Watanabe Y Fujihara M Obara H Nagai K Harasawa R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1657-1661
Only two hemoplasma species, Eperythrozoon parvum and Mycoplasma suis, have been recognized in pigs. Here we demonstrate the genetic variations among six hemoplasma strains detected from pigs, by analyzing the 16S rRNA and RNase P RNA (rnpB) genes, and propose a novel hemoplasma taxon that has not been described previously. Phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these six hemoplasmas were divided into two clusters representing M. suis and a novel taxon. We further examined the primary and secondary structures of the nucleotide sequences of the rnpB gene of the novel taxon, and found it distinct from that of M. suis. In conclusion, we unveiled a genetic cluster distinct from M. suis, suggesting a new swine hemoplasma species or E. parvum. Our findings also suggest that this novel cluster should be included in the genus Mycoplasma. 相似文献
92.
Obara H Fujihara M Watanabe Y Ono HK Harasawa R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(6):841-843
We examined for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' infection in 167 blood samples collected from domestic dogs between 2008 and 2009 in the Tohoku area, Japan, and found 5 (3.0%) were positive by PCR assay. This is the first demonstration of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', a feline haemotropic mycoplasma, in the dogs raised in Japan. 相似文献
93.
Samad RA Nomura N Tsuda Y Manzoor R Kajihara M Tomabechi D Sasaki T Kokumai N Ohgitani T Okamatsu M Takada A Sakoda Y Kida H 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2011,59(1):23-29
Inactivated influenza virus vaccine prepared from a non-pathogenic influenza virus strain A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/2004 (H5N1) from the virus library conferred protective immunity to chickens against the challenge of antigenically drifted highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), A/whooper swan/Hokkaido/1/2008 (H5N1). The efficacy of the vaccine was comparable to that prepared from genetically modified HPAIV strain deltaRRRRK rg-A/ whooper swan/Mongolia/3/2005 (H5N1), which is more antigenically related to the challenge virus strain, in chickens. 相似文献
94.
Lee DM Kiener HP Agarwal SK Noss EH Watts GF Chisaka O Takeichi M Brenner MB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5814):1006-1010
The normal synovium forms a membrane at the edges of joints and provides lubrication and nutrients for the cartilage. In rheumatoid arthritis, the synovium is the site of inflammation, and it participates in an organized tissue response that damages cartilage and bone. We identified cadherin-11 as essential for the development of the synovium. Cadherin-11-deficient mice have a hypoplastic synovial lining, display a disorganized synovial reaction to inflammation, and are resistant to inflammatory arthritis. Cadherin-11 therapeutics prevent and reduce arthritis in mouse models. Thus, synovial cadherin-11 determines the behavior of synovial cells in their proinflammatory and destructive tissue response in inflammatory arthritis. 相似文献
95.
Kuhara A Okumura M Kimata T Tanizawa Y Takano R Kimura KD Inada H Matsumoto K Mori I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5877):803-807
Temperature is an unavoidable environmental cue that affects the metabolism and behavior of any creature on Earth, yet how animals perceive temperature is poorly understood. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans "memorizes" temperatures, and this stored information modifies its subsequent migration along a temperature gradient. We show that the olfactory neuron designated AWC senses temperature. Calcium imaging revealed that AWC responds to temperature changes and that response thresholds differ depending on the temperature to which the animal was previously exposed. In the mutant with impaired heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-mediated signaling, AWC was hyperresponsive to temperature, whereas the AIY interneuron (which is postsynaptic to AWC) was hyporesponsive to temperature. Thus, temperature sensation exhibits a robust influence on a neural circuit controlling a memory-regulated behavior. 相似文献
96.
Nahoko IEDA Yoshihisa UENOYAMA Yoko TAJIMA Tomoko NAKATA Masatoshi KANO Yousuke NANIWA Youki WATANABE Shiori MINABE Junko TOMIKAWA Naoko INOUE Fuko MATSUDA Satoshi OHKURA Kei-ichiro MAEDA Hiroko TSUKAMURA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(4):312-316
Puberty is associated with an increase in gonadotropin secretion as a result of an increase in gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH) secretion. Kisspeptin is considered to play a key role in puberty onset in many mammalian species, including rodents,
ruminants and primates. The present study aimed to determine if changes in hypothalamic expression of the KISS1
gene, encoding kisspeptin, are associated with the onset of puberty in pigs. The animals (n=4 in each group) were perfused with 4%
paraformaldehyde at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 months old, as prepubertal stages, and at 5 months old, as the peripubertal stage, following
each blood sampling. KISS1 gene expressions in coronal sections of brains were visualized by in
situ hybridization. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured by radioimmunoassay. KISS1 mRNA
signals were observed in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) at all ages examined without any significant difference in the number of
KISS1-expressing cells, indicating that the KISS1 gene is constantly expressed in the ARC
throughout pubertal development in pigs. The plasma LH concentration was the highest in 0-month-old piglets and significantly
decreased in the 1- and 2 month-old groups (P<0.05), suggesting a developing negative feedback mechanism affecting gonadotropin
release during the prepubertal period. Considering the potent stimulating effect of kisspeptin on gonadotropin release in
prepubertal pigs, kisspeptin secretion rather than kisspeptin synthesis may be responsible for the onset of puberty in pigs. 相似文献
97.
Gen Kume Toshihiro Horiguchi Akihiro Goto Hiroaki Shiraishi Yasuyuki Shibata Masatoshi Morita Makoto Shimizu 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):289-298
ABSTRACT: The seasonal distribution, age, growth and reproductive biology of marbled sole Pleuronectes yokohamae (Günther) from Tokyo Bay, Japan were studied. A clear seasonal distribution trend was observed, with P. yokohamae limited to the south of the bay in summer and expanding almost throughout the bay in other seasons. The formation and dynamics of hypoxic areas in the bay limited the northward distribution of P. yokohamae in summer. Age was determined by counting growth rings on otoliths; maximum ages were found to be 5 years for males and 6 years for females. The mean back-calculated length for females at each estimated age was greater than that for males. Growth of males and females was shown by the von Bertalanffy growth equations. Reproductive biology was studied on the basis of gonadosomatic indices and histological sections of gonads. The spawning season lasted from November to March, peaking in December and January. Sixty per cent of males at 1 year and all males ≥ 2 years had mature testes, whereas 6.7% of females at 1 year, 58.3% of females at 2 years, and all females ≥ 3 years had attained maturity. 相似文献
98.
Keita Kodama Gen Kume Hiroaki Shiraishi Masatoshi Morita Toshihiro Horiguchi 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(4):804-810
ABSTRACT: There is concern regarding a possible decrease in the minimum exploitable size of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay, coincident with a decline in stock size. To assess this problem, the condition factor, the relationship between body length and processed-meat length, and the estimated body length for each market size category were investigated and compared monthly. The condition factor was lowest in spring and peaked in winter. The difference between body length and meat length was higher in summer and winter than in spring and autumn, suggesting that a high condition factor does not result in an increased net yield of processed meat. The annual mean minimum exploitable size in the present low-stock-size condition did not differ from the minimum exploitable size measured during a high-stock-size period (11-cm body length). However, the minimum exploitable size changed seasonally, which coincided with seasonal change in the net processed-meat yield. Exploitation during the season when net meat yield is high would result in increase of the large-sized meat products of high price. 相似文献
99.
Akihiko?YatsuEmail author Chiyuki?Sassa Masatoshi?Moku Takahiro?Kinoshita 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(6):1280-1286
ABSTRACT: In order to simultaneously compare vertical distributions of small pelagic fishes and mesopelagic fishes during the night in the upper 100 m, one oblique and 11 horizontal tows of large-sized (opening area 480 m2 ) trawl operations were conducted at different depths in the Kuroshio–Oyashio Transition Zone during 20–22 May 1995. While Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus and Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus were concentrated in the upper 20 m, mackerels Scomber spp. were collected uniformly in the upper 80 m layer. Myctophid fishes Ceratoscopelus warmingii, Diaphus kuroshio, Diogenichthys atlanticus , Myctophum asperum , Notoscopelus spp. mostly N. resplendens , and Symbolophorus californiensis , a gempylid Nealotus tripes , a microstomatid Lipolagus ochotensis and a phosichthyid Vinciguerria nimbaria were dominant components of mesopelagic fishes that ascended to the upper 100 m layer at night, where these mesopelagic fishes concentrated at depths of 20–80 m. In the upper 20 m layer, Japanese anchovy comprised 60% of the total wet weight of all fishes followed by D. atlanticus (3%), C. warmingii (2%) and S. californiensis (2%). Juvenile myctophids were dominant in the upper 20 m layer compared to deeper layers. 相似文献
100.
Esmot ara Begum Motoki Bonno Makoto Obata Hatsumi Yamamoto Masatoshi Kawai Yoshihiro Komada 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2006,4(1):11-7